use crate::content_hash;
use crate::database::PreviewDao;
use crate::libraries::Library;
use crate::otel::global_tracer;
use crate::video::ffmpeg::{generate_preview_clip, get_duration_seconds_blocking};
use crate::video::hls_paths;
use actix::prelude::*;
use log::{debug, error, info, warn};
use opentelemetry::KeyValue;
use opentelemetry::trace::{Span, Status, Tracer};
use std::io::Result;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
// ffmpeg -i test.mp4 -c:v h264 -flags +cgop -g 30 -hls_time 3 out.m3u8
// ffmpeg -i "filename.mp4" -preset veryfast -c:v libx264 -f hls -hls_list_size 100 -hls_time 2 -crf 24 -vf scale=1080:-2,setsar=1:1 attempt/vid_out.m3u8

pub struct StreamActor;

impl Actor for StreamActor {
    type Context = Context<Self>;
}

/// A video paired with its content hash, ready to be queued for HLS
/// playlist generation. Hash is required because all output paths are
/// keyed on it; callers that lack a hash (rows mid-backfill) must skip
/// the video rather than fabricate one.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct VideoToQueue {
    pub video_path: PathBuf,
    pub content_hash: String,
}

pub fn generate_video_thumbnail(path: &Path, destination: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
    // Probe duration up front and seek to ~50% — gives a more
    // representative frame than a fixed offset (skipping title cards on
    // long videos, landing inside the clip on 1–2s Snapchat MP4s) and
    // sidesteps the seek-past-EOF class of bug entirely. When duration
    // probing fails (LRV files, fragmented MP4s, ffprobe missing) fall
    // back to the first frame: ugly but reliable.
    //
    // -vf scale + -c:v mjpeg mirrors `generate_image_thumbnail_ffmpeg`. The
    // filter chain matters as much as the scale does: without it, ffmpeg
    // hands the decoded frame straight to the mjpeg encoder, which rejects
    // any non-yuvj420p source ("Non full-range YUV is non-standard"). The
    // filter chain lets ffmpeg auto-insert the pix_fmt converter the
    // encoder needs, which is how the image-thumbnail path already handles
    // the same class of source.
    let seek = get_duration_seconds_blocking(path).map(|d| format!("{:.3}", d / 2.0));

    let mut cmd = Command::new("ffmpeg");
    cmd.arg("-y");
    if let Some(s) = &seek {
        cmd.arg("-ss").arg(s);
    }
    let output = cmd
        .arg("-i")
        .arg(path)
        .arg("-vframes")
        .arg("1")
        .arg("-vf")
        .arg("scale=200:-1")
        .arg("-f")
        .arg("image2")
        .arg("-c:v")
        .arg("mjpeg")
        .arg(destination)
        .output()?;

    if !output.status.success() {
        return Err(std::io::Error::other(format!(
            "ffmpeg failed ({}): {}",
            output.status,
            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
        )));
    }
    // ffmpeg can exit 0 without writing a frame for malformed files where
    // the probe duration lies. Confirm a non-empty file actually landed —
    // returning Err makes the caller write the `.unsupported` sentinel so
    // we stop re-detecting on every scan.
    let wrote = std::fs::metadata(destination)
        .map(|m| m.len() > 0)
        .unwrap_or(false);
    if !wrote {
        return Err(std::io::Error::other(
            "ffmpeg exited successfully but produced no thumbnail output",
        ));
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Use ffmpeg to extract a 200px-wide thumbnail from formats the `image` crate
/// can't decode (RAW: NEF/ARW, HEIC/HEIF). Writes JPEG bytes to `destination`
/// regardless of its extension.
pub fn generate_image_thumbnail_ffmpeg(path: &Path, destination: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let output = Command::new("ffmpeg")
        .arg("-y")
        .arg("-i")
        .arg(path)
        .arg("-vframes")
        .arg("1")
        .arg("-vf")
        .arg("scale=200:-1")
        .arg("-f")
        .arg("image2")
        .arg("-c:v")
        .arg("mjpeg")
        .arg(destination)
        .output()?;

    if !output.status.success() {
        return Err(std::io::Error::other(format!(
            "ffmpeg failed ({}): {}",
            output.status,
            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Video stream metadata needed to pick HLS encode settings. Populated by
/// a single ffprobe call to avoid spawning multiple subprocesses per video.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct VideoStreamMeta {
    is_h264: bool,
    /// Rotation in degrees (0/90/180/270). Checks both the legacy `rotate`
    /// stream tag and the modern display-matrix side data.
    rotation: i32,
}

/// Probe video stream metadata in one ffprobe call. Returns default (codec
/// unknown, rotation 0) on any failure — callers fall back to transcoding.
async fn probe_video_stream_meta(video_path: &str) -> VideoStreamMeta {
    let output = tokio::process::Command::new("ffprobe")
        .arg("-v")
        .arg("error")
        .arg("-select_streams")
        .arg("v:0")
        .arg("-print_format")
        .arg("json")
        .arg("-show_entries")
        .arg("stream=codec_name:stream_tags=rotate:side_data_list")
        .arg(video_path)
        .output()
        .await;

    let Ok(output) = output else {
        warn!("Failed to run ffprobe for {}", video_path);
        return VideoStreamMeta::default();
    };
    if !output.status.success() {
        warn!(
            "ffprobe failed for {}: {}",
            video_path,
            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
        );
        return VideoStreamMeta::default();
    }

    let Ok(json) = serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(&output.stdout) else {
        warn!("ffprobe returned non-JSON for {}", video_path);
        return VideoStreamMeta::default();
    };

    let stream = &json["streams"][0];
    let is_h264 = stream
        .get("codec_name")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .map(|s| s == "h264")
        .unwrap_or(false);

    // Prefer legacy `tags.rotate` (older containers); fall back to the
    // display-matrix side data (iPhone and other modern recorders).
    let rotation = stream
        .get("tags")
        .and_then(|t| t.get("rotate"))
        .and_then(|r| r.as_str())
        .and_then(|s| s.parse::<i32>().ok())
        .filter(|r| *r != 0)
        .or_else(|| {
            stream
                .get("side_data_list")
                .and_then(|l| l.as_array())
                .and_then(|arr| {
                    arr.iter()
                        .find_map(|sd| sd.get("rotation").and_then(|r| r.as_f64()))
                })
                .map(|f| f.abs() as i32)
                .filter(|r| *r != 0)
        })
        .unwrap_or(0);

    debug!(
        "Probed {}: codec_h264={}, rotation={}°",
        video_path, is_h264, rotation
    );

    VideoStreamMeta { is_h264, rotation }
}

/// Probe the max keyframe interval (GOP) in the first ~30s of a video.
/// Returns `None` on probe failure or if we couldn't see at least two keyframes.
///
/// Used to decide between stream-copy and transcode: HLS needs segments to
/// start on keyframes, so if the source GOP exceeds `hls_time`, copying
/// produces oversized/glitchy segments and we need to re-encode.
async fn get_max_gop_seconds(video_path: &str) -> Option<f64> {
    let output = tokio::process::Command::new("ffprobe")
        .arg("-v")
        .arg("error")
        .arg("-select_streams")
        .arg("v:0")
        .arg("-skip_frame")
        .arg("nokey")
        .arg("-show_entries")
        .arg("frame=pts_time")
        .arg("-of")
        .arg("csv=p=0")
        .arg("-read_intervals")
        .arg("%+30")
        .arg(video_path)
        .output()
        .await
        .ok()?;

    if !output.status.success() {
        warn!(
            "ffprobe GOP check failed for {}: {}",
            video_path,
            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
        );
        return None;
    }

    let times: Vec<f64> = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout)
        .lines()
        .filter_map(|l| l.trim().parse::<f64>().ok())
        .collect();

    if times.len() < 2 {
        return None;
    }

    let max_gop = times
        .windows(2)
        .map(|w| w[1] - w[0])
        .fold(0.0_f64, f64::max);
    debug!(
        "Max GOP in first {} keyframes of {}: {:.2}s",
        times.len(),
        video_path,
        max_gop
    );
    Some(max_gop)
}

pub struct VideoPlaylistManager {
    video_dir: PathBuf,
    playlist_generator: Addr<PlaylistGenerator>,
}

impl VideoPlaylistManager {
    pub fn new<P: Into<PathBuf>>(
        video_dir: P,
        playlist_generator: Addr<PlaylistGenerator>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            video_dir: video_dir.into(),
            playlist_generator,
        }
    }
}

impl Actor for VideoPlaylistManager {
    type Context = Context<Self>;
}

impl Handler<QueueVideosMessage> for VideoPlaylistManager {
    type Result = ();

    fn handle(&mut self, msg: QueueVideosMessage, _ctx: &mut Self::Context) -> Self::Result {
        if msg.videos.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        let video_dir = self.video_dir.clone();
        let playlist_generator = self.playlist_generator.clone();

        let mut queued = 0usize;
        let mut already_present = 0usize;
        for VideoToQueue {
            video_path,
            content_hash,
        } in msg.videos
        {
            let playlist = hls_paths::playlist_for_hash(&video_dir, &content_hash);
            let sentinel = hls_paths::sentinel_for_hash(&video_dir, &content_hash);
            if playlist.exists() || sentinel.exists() {
                already_present += 1;
                continue;
            }
            debug!(
                "Queueing playlist generation for {} (hash={})",
                video_path.display(),
                short_hash(&content_hash)
            );
            playlist_generator.do_send(GeneratePlaylistMessage {
                video_path,
                content_hash,
            });
            queued += 1;
        }
        info!(
            "Queue tick: {} queued, {} skipped (playlist or sentinel already on disk)",
            queued, already_present
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Message)]
#[rtype(result = "()")]
pub struct QueueVideosMessage {
    pub videos: Vec<VideoToQueue>,
}

#[derive(Message)]
#[rtype(result = "Result<()>")]
pub struct GeneratePlaylistMessage {
    pub video_path: PathBuf,
    pub content_hash: String,
}

pub struct PlaylistGenerator {
    semaphore: Arc<Semaphore>,
    video_dir: PathBuf,
}

impl PlaylistGenerator {
    pub(crate) fn new<P: Into<PathBuf>>(video_dir: P) -> Self {
        // Concurrency is tunable via HLS_CONCURRENCY so operators can dial
        // it to their hardware: 1 on weak Synology boxes to avoid thermal
        // throttling, higher on desktops with spare cores.
        let concurrency = std::env::var("HLS_CONCURRENCY")
            .ok()
            .and_then(|v| v.parse::<usize>().ok())
            .filter(|&n| n > 0)
            .unwrap_or(2);
        info!("PlaylistGenerator: concurrency={}", concurrency);
        PlaylistGenerator {
            semaphore: Arc::new(Semaphore::new(concurrency)),
            video_dir: video_dir.into(),
        }
    }
}

impl Actor for PlaylistGenerator {
    type Context = Context<Self>;
}

impl Handler<GeneratePlaylistMessage> for PlaylistGenerator {
    type Result = ResponseFuture<Result<()>>;

    fn handle(&mut self, msg: GeneratePlaylistMessage, _ctx: &mut Self::Context) -> Self::Result {
        let video_file = msg.video_path.to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
        let content_hash_str = msg.content_hash.clone();
        let semaphore = self.semaphore.clone();
        let video_dir = self.video_dir.clone();

        let hash_dir = content_hash::hls_dir(&video_dir, &content_hash_str);
        let playlist_path = hls_paths::playlist_for_hash(&video_dir, &content_hash_str);
        let sentinel_path = hls_paths::sentinel_for_hash(&video_dir, &content_hash_str);
        let segment_template = hls_paths::segment_template_for_hash(&video_dir, &content_hash_str);
        let playlist_file = playlist_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
        let segment_pattern = segment_template.to_string_lossy().to_string();

        let tracer = global_tracer();
        let mut span = tracer
            .span_builder("playlistgenerator.generate_playlist")
            .with_attributes(vec![
                KeyValue::new("video_file", video_file.clone()),
                KeyValue::new("content_hash", content_hash_str.clone()),
                KeyValue::new("playlist_file", playlist_file.clone()),
            ])
            .start(&tracer);

        Box::pin(async move {
            let wait_start = std::time::Instant::now();
            let permit = semaphore
                .acquire_owned()
                .await
                .expect("Unable to acquire semaphore");

            debug!(
                "Waited for {:?} before starting ffmpeg",
                wait_start.elapsed()
            );
            span.add_event(
                "Waited for FFMPEG semaphore",
                vec![KeyValue::new(
                    "wait_time",
                    wait_start.elapsed().as_secs_f64(),
                )],
            );

            if playlist_path.exists() {
                debug!("Playlist already exists: {}", playlist_file);
                span.set_status(Status::error(format!(
                    "Playlist already exists: {}",
                    playlist_file
                )));
                return Err(std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists));
            }

            // Ensure the shard + hash directory exist. Idempotent — the
            // dir may already be present from a prior attempt that wrote
            // a sentinel before being cleared for retry.
            if let Err(e) = tokio::fs::create_dir_all(&hash_dir).await {
                error!(
                    "Failed to create HLS hash dir {}: {}",
                    hash_dir.display(),
                    e
                );
                span.set_status(Status::error(format!("mkdir failed: {}", e)));
                return Err(e);
            }

            // One ffprobe call for codec + rotation metadata.
            let stream_meta = probe_video_stream_meta(&video_file).await;
            let is_h264 = stream_meta.is_h264;
            let rotation = stream_meta.rotation;
            let has_rotation = rotation != 0;

            // Stream-copy is only safe when the source GOP fits inside a
            // single HLS segment. Otherwise ffmpeg has to extend segments
            // past hls_time to land on a keyframe, producing uneven
            // segments and seeking glitches.
            const HLS_SEGMENT_SECONDS: f64 = 3.0;
            let gop_ok = if is_h264 && !has_rotation {
                match get_max_gop_seconds(&video_file).await {
                    Some(g) if g > HLS_SEGMENT_SECONDS => {
                        info!(
                            "Video {} has long GOP ({:.1}s > {}s), transcoding for segment alignment",
                            video_file, g, HLS_SEGMENT_SECONDS
                        );
                        false
                    }
                    Some(_) => true,
                    None => {
                        // Probe failed — be conservative and transcode rather
                        // than risk broken segments from a mystery source.
                        debug!(
                            "GOP probe failed for {}, transcoding to be safe",
                            video_file
                        );
                        false
                    }
                }
            } else {
                false
            };

            let use_copy = is_h264 && !has_rotation && gop_ok;

            if has_rotation {
                info!(
                    "Video {} has rotation metadata ({}°), transcoding to apply rotation",
                    video_file, rotation
                );
                span.add_event(
                    "Transcoding due to rotation",
                    vec![KeyValue::new("rotation_degrees", rotation as i64)],
                );
            } else if use_copy {
                info!("Video {} is already h264, using stream copy", video_file);
                span.add_event("Using stream copy (h264 detected)", vec![]);
            } else if is_h264 {
                info!(
                    "Video {} is h264 but needs transcoding for GOP alignment",
                    video_file
                );
                span.add_event("Transcoding for GOP alignment", vec![]);
            } else {
                info!("Video {} needs transcoding to h264", video_file);
                span.add_event("Transcoding to h264", vec![]);
            }

            // Encode to a .tmp playlist alongside the final inside the
            // hash dir, so a concurrent scan never sees a half-written
            // .m3u8 as "done". Segments use the hash-keyed template;
            // ffmpeg writes them next to the playlist (relative refs).
            let playlist_tmp = format!("{}.tmp", playlist_file);

            let mut cmd = tokio::process::Command::new("ffmpeg");
            cmd.arg("-y").arg("-i").arg(&video_file);

            if use_copy {
                cmd.arg("-c:v").arg("copy");
                cmd.arg("-c:a").arg("aac");
            } else {
                let nvenc = crate::video::ffmpeg::is_nvenc_available().await;
                if nvenc {
                    // NVENC: no CRF, use VBR + target CQ. p1 = fastest
                    // preset — prioritizes encoder throughput over bitrate
                    // efficiency. CQ 23 roughly matches libx264 crf 21
                    // visually; NVENC has slightly lower compression
                    // efficiency per quality.
                    cmd.arg("-c:v").arg("h264_nvenc");
                    cmd.arg("-preset").arg("p1");
                    cmd.arg("-rc").arg("vbr");
                    cmd.arg("-cq").arg("23");
                    cmd.arg("-pix_fmt").arg("yuv420p");
                } else {
                    cmd.arg("-c:v").arg("h264");
                    cmd.arg("-crf").arg("21");
                    cmd.arg("-preset").arg("veryfast");
                }
                cmd.arg("-vf").arg("scale='min(1080,iw)':-2,setsar=1:1");
                cmd.arg("-c:a").arg("aac");
                // Force an IDR frame every hls_time seconds so each HLS
                // segment starts on a keyframe — accurate seeking without
                // players having to decode from a prior segment.
                cmd.arg("-force_key_frames").arg("expr:gte(t,n_forced*3)");
            }

            // -f hls is required because the playlist is written to a .tmp
            // path during encoding — ffmpeg normally infers the muxer from
            // the output extension and doesn't recognize ".m3u8.tmp".
            cmd.arg("-f").arg("hls");
            cmd.arg("-hls_time").arg("3");
            cmd.arg("-hls_list_size").arg("0");
            cmd.arg("-hls_playlist_type").arg("vod");
            // independent_segments advertises that each segment can be
            // decoded without reference to any other — the matching guarantee
            // for the forced keyframes above.
            cmd.arg("-hls_flags").arg("independent_segments");
            cmd.arg("-hls_segment_filename").arg(&segment_pattern);
            cmd.arg(&playlist_tmp);
            cmd.stdout(Stdio::null());
            cmd.stderr(Stdio::piped());
            cmd.kill_on_drop(true);

            // Spawn + wait under a timeout so a hung ffmpeg (corrupt source,
            // NFS stall, etc.) doesn't permanently hold a semaphore slot.
            // Default is generous — a long 4K transcode on CPU can take hours.
            let timeout_secs = std::env::var("HLS_TIMEOUT_SECONDS")
                .ok()
                .and_then(|v| v.parse::<u64>().ok())
                .unwrap_or(7200);

            let ffmpeg_result = match cmd.spawn() {
                Ok(child) => {
                    match tokio::time::timeout(
                        std::time::Duration::from_secs(timeout_secs),
                        child.wait_with_output(),
                    )
                    .await
                    {
                        Ok(res) => res
                            .inspect_err(|e| {
                                error!("Failed to wait on ffmpeg child process: {}", e)
                            })
                            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string())),
                        Err(_) => Err(std::io::Error::other(format!(
                            "ffmpeg exceeded {}s timeout",
                            timeout_secs
                        ))),
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    error!("Failed to spawn ffmpeg: {}", e);
                    Err(std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))
                }
            };

            drop(permit);

            let success = matches!(&ffmpeg_result, Ok(out) if out.status.success());

            if success {
                if let Err(e) = tokio::fs::rename(&playlist_tmp, &playlist_path).await {
                    error!(
                        "ffmpeg succeeded but rename {} -> {} failed: {}",
                        playlist_tmp, playlist_file, e
                    );
                    cleanup_partial_hls(&hash_dir).await;
                    span.set_status(Status::error(format!("rename failed: {}", e)));
                    return Err(e);
                }
                debug!("Playlist complete: {}", playlist_file);
                span.set_status(Status::Ok);
                Ok(())
            } else {
                let detail = match &ffmpeg_result {
                    Ok(out) => format!(
                        "exit {}: {}",
                        out.status,
                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr).trim()
                    ),
                    Err(e) => format!("ffmpeg failed: {}", e),
                };
                error!("ffmpeg failed for {}: {}", video_file, detail);
                cleanup_partial_hls(&hash_dir).await;
                if let Err(se) = tokio::fs::write(&sentinel_path, b"").await {
                    warn!(
                        "Failed to write playlist sentinel {}: {}",
                        sentinel_path.display(),
                        se
                    );
                } else {
                    info!(
                        "Wrote playlist sentinel {} so future scans skip {}",
                        sentinel_path.display(),
                        video_file
                    );
                }
                span.set_status(Status::error(detail.clone()));
                Err(std::io::Error::other(detail))
            }
        })
    }
}

/// Delete the partial playlist (.tmp) and any segment files left behind by
/// a failed ffmpeg run. Wipes every non-sentinel file in the hash dir;
/// retains the sentinel if one has already been written by an earlier
/// caller in the same path (today there is none, but kept defensively so
/// the function is safe to call after sentinel write too).
async fn cleanup_partial_hls(hash_dir: &Path) {
    let Ok(mut entries) = tokio::fs::read_dir(hash_dir).await else {
        return;
    };
    while let Ok(Some(entry)) = entries.next_entry().await {
        let path = entry.path();
        let is_sentinel = path
            .file_name()
            .and_then(|n| n.to_str())
            .map(|n| n == hls_paths::UNSUPPORTED_SENTINEL_FILENAME)
            .unwrap_or(false);
        if is_sentinel {
            continue;
        }
        if let Err(e) = tokio::fs::remove_file(&path).await {
            warn!(
                "Failed to remove partial HLS file {}: {}",
                path.display(),
                e
            );
        }
    }
}

/// First 16 chars of a content hash for log lines. Short enough to keep
/// log volume sane, long enough that distinct hashes don't collide in
/// practice.
fn short_hash(hash: &str) -> &str {
    let end = hash
        .char_indices()
        .nth(16)
        .map(|(i, _)| i)
        .unwrap_or(hash.len());
    &hash[..end]
}

#[derive(Message)]
#[rtype(result = "()")]
pub struct GeneratePreviewClipMessage {
    pub video_path: String,
}

pub struct PreviewClipGenerator {
    semaphore: Arc<Semaphore>,
    preview_clips_dir: String,
    libraries: Vec<Library>,
    preview_dao: Arc<Mutex<Box<dyn PreviewDao>>>,
}

impl PreviewClipGenerator {
    pub fn new(
        preview_clips_dir: String,
        libraries: Vec<Library>,
        preview_dao: Arc<Mutex<Box<dyn PreviewDao>>>,
    ) -> Self {
        PreviewClipGenerator {
            semaphore: Arc::new(Semaphore::new(2)),
            preview_clips_dir,
            libraries,
            preview_dao,
        }
    }

    /// Strip whichever library root actually contains `video_path`.
    /// Falls back to the first library if none match, so we never
    /// accidentally emit the absolute input path as the output path
    /// (which ffmpeg rejects as "cannot edit existing files in place").
    fn relativize(&self, video_path: &str) -> String {
        for lib in &self.libraries {
            if let Some(stripped) = video_path.strip_prefix(&lib.root_path) {
                return stripped.trim_start_matches(['/', '\\']).replace('\\', "/");
            }
        }
        video_path
            .trim_start_matches(['/', '\\'])
            .replace('\\', "/")
    }
}

impl Actor for PreviewClipGenerator {
    type Context = Context<Self>;
}

impl Handler<GeneratePreviewClipMessage> for PreviewClipGenerator {
    type Result = ResponseFuture<()>;

    fn handle(
        &mut self,
        msg: GeneratePreviewClipMessage,
        _ctx: &mut Self::Context,
    ) -> Self::Result {
        let semaphore = self.semaphore.clone();
        let preview_clips_dir = self.preview_clips_dir.clone();
        let preview_dao = self.preview_dao.clone();
        let video_path = msg.video_path;
        // Resolve against whichever library actually owns this video.
        let relative_path = self.relativize(&video_path);

        Box::pin(async move {
            let permit = semaphore
                .acquire_owned()
                .await
                .expect("Unable to acquire preview semaphore");

            // Update status to processing
            {
                let otel_ctx = opentelemetry::Context::current();
                let mut dao = preview_dao.lock().expect("Unable to lock PreviewDao");
                let _ =
                    dao.update_status(&otel_ctx, &relative_path, "processing", None, None, None);
            }

            // Compute output path: join preview_clips_dir with relative path, change ext to .mp4
            let output_path = PathBuf::from(&preview_clips_dir)
                .join(&relative_path)
                .with_extension("mp4");
            let output_str = output_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();

            let video_path_owned = video_path.clone();
            let relative_path_owned = relative_path.clone();
            tokio::spawn(async move {
                match generate_preview_clip(&video_path_owned, &output_str).await {
                    Ok((duration, size)) => {
                        info!(
                            "Preview clip complete for '{}' ({:.1}s, {} bytes)",
                            relative_path_owned, duration, size
                        );
                        let otel_ctx = opentelemetry::Context::current();
                        let mut dao = preview_dao.lock().expect("Unable to lock PreviewDao");
                        let _ = dao.update_status(
                            &otel_ctx,
                            &relative_path_owned,
                            "complete",
                            Some(duration as f32),
                            Some(size as i32),
                            None,
                        );
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        error!(
                            "Failed to generate preview clip for '{}': {}",
                            relative_path_owned, e
                        );
                        let otel_ctx = opentelemetry::Context::current();
                        let mut dao = preview_dao.lock().expect("Unable to lock PreviewDao");
                        let _ = dao.update_status(
                            &otel_ctx,
                            &relative_path_owned,
                            "failed",
                            None,
                            None,
                            Some(&e.to_string()),
                        );
                    }
                }
                drop(permit);
            });
        })
    }
}